Also known as first-class functions, functions can take other functions as parameters and also return other functions. Since everything in Python is an object, we can treat functions as such. Say you have a list of car brands that is…
Mutability, in the context of software, is related to the ability of a certain structure to be modified at will. You can add, remove, or simply change/update items. In short, mutable objects allow modification after their creation. Immutability, of course,…
This is the 4th article in a series on Object-Oriented Programming: Classes and Objects in Python Object-Oriented Programming: Encapsulation in Python Inheritance in Python Object-Oriented Programming: Polymorphism in Python Read the article about Inheritance before diving into this one. Say…
This is the 2nd article in a series on Object-Oriented Programming: Classes and Objects in Python Object-Oriented Programming: Encapsulation in Python Inheritance in Python Object-Oriented Programming: Polymorphism in Python When we are driving a car in real life we don’t…
Bugs are an inevitable part of a programmer’s life. A bug is an error in your code that makes your program produce unexpected results. Debugging is the process of locating the source of the error and fix it. The overall…
To connect with a PostgreSQL database, you have to install a specific module with pip: pip install psycopg2 Then you import psycopg2 and to create a connection you call psycopg2.connect(), passing the database, user, password, host, and port. In this…
To connect with a MySQL database, you have to install a specific module with pip: pip install mysql-connector-python Then you import mysql.connector and to create a connection you call mysql.connector.connect(), passing the host, user, and password. In this example we…
pipenv is a great tool to manage virtual environments in Python. You can use pip to install it: $ pip install pipenv If you just want to start a brand new virtual environment without specifying any starting dependency, just run…
Python has a number of built-in Data Structures to work with, each one with its own features. Here are the reasons to choose a particular Data Structure over the other: Lists: if you need your items to be ordered, and…
Docstrings are used to document your functions, classes, modules, and methods. A documentation is formal definition of what your function does, what it expects as arguments, and what it returns, including the types of the arguments and return. We use…